L’Armée Russe de la Campagne de 1812

Régiments d’Infanterie, Brigades et Divisions

Régiment d’Infanterie Libava, Armée Russe 1812 Following the disastrous defeat at Austerlitz, en 1805, l’administration militaire russe was reorganized. The system of military disctricts, called Inspections, was maintained only in the Caucasus, Orenburg et Siberian region. In other parts of the country, 13 mixed divisions d’infanterie, cavalerie lourde et légère, artillerie légère, lourde, et à cheval were formed. The new system was an improvement, but it still was no match for the système français of grouping separate et homogeneous infantry et cavalry divisions only at the corps level. Le système français empowered the division commanders, allowing him to focus on his particular arm of service, leaving the combined arms operations to dedicated staff officers et aides-de-camp at the corps level. On the move, les divisions de cavalerie françaises were no longer held in check by their slower infantry comrades, they scouted the operational area for likely targets et kept the enemy engaged until the infantry divisions came up et took over.

Général russe Barclay de Tolly recognized the advantages of the corps system and he introduced it dans l’armée russe en 1812. Infantry divisions were standardized at two infantry brigades plus one Jäger brigade of two regiments each. The two standing grenadier divisions differed in that they did not have a Jäger brigade, probably because the grenadiers could be expected to fulfill the role d’infanterie légère d’escarmouche equally well. Some divisions were understrength, lacking a regiment ou a Jäger regiment. The 19th et 20th division were overstrength, both had an additional 5th infantry regiment et the 20th had an additional Jäger regiment.

Les régiments de la division étaient distingués by differently coloured pattes d’épaule: 1st regiment red, 2nd white, 3rd yellow, 4th green avec red edging, 5th light blue, Jägers yellow ou light blue. Pattes d’épaule rouges were worn in the standing grenadier regiments. Converged grenadier regiments were made up of grenadier companies des (2e) bataillons de depot des régiments d’infanterie de ligne, et ils portaient les pattes d’épaule of their parent regiments. Divisional numbers were embroidered in red, ou yellow on red straps.

Guard Division

Preobraschenski Life-Guard (3 bataillons)
Ssemenovski Life-Guard (3 bataillons)
Ismailovski Life-Guard (3 bataillons)
Litovski Life-Guard (3 bataillons)
Life-Guard Jägers
Finland Life-Guard Jägers

1st Infantry Division

Leib-Grenadiers
Régiment de Grenadiers Count Araktschejew
Régiment de Grenadiers Pavlov
Régiment de Grenadiers Jektarinoslav
Régiment de Grenadiers St. Petersburg
Régiment de Grenadiers Tauride

2nd Infantry Division

Régiment de Grenadiers Kiev
Régiment de Grenadiers Moscou
Régiment de Grenadiers Astrakhan
Régiment de Grenadiers Fanagoria
Régiment de Grenadiers Sibérie
Régiment de Grenadiers Petite Russie

3rd Grenadier Division, 22 combined grenadier bataillons

Combined Grenadier Division of 5th Corps, 26 grenadier bataillons

Combined Grenadier Division of Corps Kamenski, 18 grenadier bataillons

Infantry		Pattes d’épaule des Régiments d’Infanterie					Jägers
Div.	Corps	red	white	yellow	green/red	light blue	yellow	light blue
3.	3.	Reval	Murmansk	Chernigov	Koporsk		20.	21.
4.	2.	Krementschug	Minsk	Tobolsk	Volhynia		4.	34.
5.	1.	Ssievski Gr.	Kaluga	Perm	Mohilev		23.	24.
6.	Finland	Brjansk	Nisov	Uglich	Azov		3.	35.
7.	6.	Pskov	Moscou	Libau	Sofia		11.	36.
8.	Turquie	Ukraine	Archangel	Schlüsselburg	Old-Ingermanland		7.	37.
9.	Markow	Nascheburg	Riazsk	Apsheron	Yakutsk		10.	38.
10.	Turquie	Bielostok	Crimea	Kursk	Jaroslaw		8.	39.
11.	4.	Kexholm Gr.	Pernau	Podolsk	Jelez		1.	33.
12.	7.	Smolensk	Narva	Alexopol	New-Ingermanland		6.	41.
13.	Turquie	Galitsch	Veliki-Luki	Penza	Saratov		2.	22.
14.	1.	Tula	Navaginsk	Estonia	Tenginsk			25./26.
15.	Markow	Vitebsk	Koslov	Kolyvan	Kura		13.	14.
16.		Neuschlot	Okhotsk	Kamenchatka	Mingrelia
17.	2.	Rjasan	Bjelosersk	Vilmannstrand	Brest		30.	48.
18.	Kamenski	Vladimir	Tambov	Kostroma	Dnieper		28.	32.
19.	Georgia	Kazan	Ssusdal	Bielov	Sewastopol	Vologda	16./17.
20.	Georgia	Grusinia	Chersson	Troitsk	Tiflis	Kabardinsk	9./15.	46.
21.	Finland	Petrovsk	Podolia	Neva	Lituanie		2.	44.
22.	Turquie	Vjatka	Stawropol	Olonetz	Vyburg		29.	45.
23.	4.	Riga	Ektarinburg	Seleguinsk			18.
24.	6.	Ufa	Shirvan	Boutyrk	Tomsk		19.	40.
25.	Finland	1. Marines	2. Marines	3. Marines	Woronesh		31.	47.
26.	7.	Lagoda	Poltava	Nishegorod	Orel		5.	42.
27.	8.	Odessa	Zhitomir	Vilna	Simbirsk		49.	50.

Les divisions de la front turque were released after the 1812 peace treaty with l’Empire ottoman. Some of these formations were re-deployed contre l’armée française, causing the enemy significant problems pendant la retraite et le passage de la Bérésina.

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